servant2003

/by

Servant, Jean-Christophe:
“Which way Nigeria?” Music under Threat:
A Question of Money, Morality, Self-Censorship and Sharia.
Copenhagen: Freemuse,  2003. 88p.
ISSN 1601-2127

CONTENTS

Preface 5
Abstract 7
About the Author 8
Map 9
Introduction 11

1 The Years of Democrazy: 1999-2002 15

2 General Background on Nigeria
2.1 Religion 17
2.2 Politics 19
2.3 Justice 20
2.4 Freedom of expression 22
2.5 Women’s rights 24

3 Nigerian Music
3.1 Introduction 26
3.2 From palm wine to juju: 1920-1960 27
3.3 From highlife to civil war: 1960-1971 29
3.4 The Golden Age: 1972-1976 31
3.5 The Eighties: The end of the major record labels 33
3.6 The Nineties: Fuji style 36
3.7 2002: From galala to Afro hip-hop 37

4 No Money, no Voice: When Capitalism 
    Intrudes on Freedom of Expression in Lagos
4.1 Introduction: The limits of democracy 41
4.2 Economic laissez-faire and payola 42
4.3 Piracy: The silent war 46
4.4 Fear and violence: Music under siege 47
4.5 Praise singing: Economic death or spiritual slavery? 50
4.6 Religion versus music: Self-censorship, pressure groups 
      and bans in Lagos 54

5 Case Study: Femi Kuti – the Banning of ‘Bang, Bang, Bang’
5.1 Biography of Femi Kuti 56
5.1.1 NBC vs. Femi Kuti 59

6 Gangsta Rap and Makossa
6.1 High moral grounds versus the ‘Music of the Devil’ 65

7 Shariaphrenia
7.1 Harassment, censorship and violence in northern Nigeria 69
7.2 Music in the North 71

8 Case Study: Katsina State
Hisbas versus Hausa musicians;
Alhaji Sirajo Mai Asharalle 73

9 Case Study: Kano State
Sani Dan Indo, Haladji Waba Yarim Asharalle 76

10 Kano State Censorship Board
A protection for Hausa musicians? 79

11 Sabon Gari: The fear of the unknown 82

12 Conclusion and Recommendations 84

13 Bibliography 88

schoonmaker2003 thomas1992a-d

  • Mortaigne, Veronique:
    Cesaria Evora. La voix du Cap-Vert.
    Arles: Actes Sud, 1997. 203 p.
    ISBN 2-7427-1152-X 

    afropop1995

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  • Mortaigne, Veronique:
    Cesaria Evora. La voix du Cap-Vert.
    Arles: Actes Sud, 1997. 203 p.
    ISBN 2-7427-1152-X 

    afropop1995

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  • Johnson, John William:
    ‘Heelloy’. Modern Poetry and Songs of the Somalis.
    London: HAAN Publishing, 1998. xxiii & 241 p.
    ISBN 978-1-874-20981-2

    CONTENTS

    Foreword to the first edition by B. W. Andrzejewski ix
    Foreword to the 1996 edition by Abdilahi Qarshi xi
    Preface to the first edition xv
    Preface to the 1996 edition xxiii

    1. Introduction
    The social context 1
    The Nature of Traditional Pastoralist Poetry 12
    The Historical Development of Modern Oral Poetry 17

    2. The Family of Miniature Genres
    The Nature of the Family of Miniature Genres 27
    The Poetry of the Miniature Family 32

    3. The emergence of the Belwo
    The Historical Background 49
    The Belwo is Born 53
    The Poetry of the Belwo 59

    4. The Heello: Period One
    The Metamorphosis: Belwo to Heello A 75
    The Modem Poem: Heello A to Heello B 82

    5. The Heello: Period Two
    The Historical Background 95
    The Poetry of the Second Period 103

    6. The Heello: Period Three
    The Historical Background 117
    The Poetry of the Third Period 146

    7. Characteristics of the Heello: All Periods
    Themes Common to All Periods 175
    Structural Characteristics and
    Development Common to All Periods 190
    The Impact of Media on Modern Poetry 208

    8. Conclusion
    The Inheritance of the Heello 215
    Forces Behind the Success and Development of Modern Poetry 216

  • Collins, [Edmund] John:
    Fela. Kalakuta Notes. 2nd edition
    Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 2015.  xii & 326 p.
    ISBN 978-0-8195-7539-5 (paper) 978-0-8195-7540-1 (ebook)

    CONTENTS

    Foreword by Banning Eyre ix
    Introduction 1

    Part 1 Early Days
    1 The Birth of Afrobeat 27
    2 Joe Mensah Remembers 41
    3 Fela in Ghana 49
    4 Stan Plange Remembers 29

    Part 2 Confrontation
    5 Kalakuta is Born 67
    6 “JB” Talks about Fela 73
    7 The Kalakuta Republic 81
    8 The Black President 114
    9 Amsterdam and After 125

    Part 3 Retrospect
    10 Mac Tontoh on Fela 139
    11 Frank Talk about Fela 152
    12 Obiba Plays It Again 165
    13 Smart Binete Sorts It Out 174
    14 Anku Checks Out the Beat 178
    15 Nana Danso Orchestrates 183
    16 Some Early Afro-Fusion Pioneers 197
    17 Interview with Fela 204
    18 Afterthoughts and Updates 209
    19. Felabrations at Home and Abroad 238

    Chronology 259
    Notes 269
    Selected Bibliography 281
    Discography 285
    Appendix A: “Shuffering and Shmiling” Score 303
    Index 309

  • Erlmann, Veit (ed.):
    Populäre Musik in Afrika.
    Veröffentlichungen des Museum für Völkerkunde.
    Neue Folge 53. Abteilung Musikethnologie VIII.
    Berlin: Museum für Völkerkunde, 1991. 312 pp. & 2 CDs.
    ISBN 3-88609-213-5

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  • Sweeney, Philip:
    Directory of World Music. A Guide to Performers and their Music.
    With Contributions from Peter Gabriel, Andy Kershaw, Giberto Gil [&] Manu Dibango.
    London: Virgin Books, 1991. 262 p.
    Section Africa 1-81
    ISBN 0-86369-378-4

    sweeney1991CONTENTS

    AFRICA

    The North and West
    Introduction: Peter Gabriel 1
    Libya 3
    Tunisia 5
    Algeria 6
    Morocco 13
    Mauritania 16
    Senegal 17
    Mali 20
    Guinea 26
    Guinea-Bissau 29
    Cape Verde 29
    Sierra Leone 31
    Côte d’Ivoire 32
    Ghana 34
    Togo and Benin 36
    Nigeria 37

    Central Africa, The South and East
    Introduction: Manu Dibango 42
    Cameroon 44
    Zaire 49
    Congo 56
    Gabon 56
    Angola 57
    Zambia 58
    Mozambique 59
    Zimbabwe 60
    South Africa 65
    Madagascar 70
    Mauritius and Reunion 71
    Tanzania and Zanzibar 72
    Kenya 74
    Uganda 76
    Burundi 76
    Ethiopia 77
    Sudan 79

  • Lee, Hélène:
    Rockers d’Afrique. Stars et légendes du rock mandinque.
    Paris: Albin Michel, 1988. 223 pp.
    ISBN 2-226-03 139-1 

    TABLE DE MATIÈRESafropop1995

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