salter2007
Salter, Thomas: |
CONTENTS
Introduction
Rumba on the wing 1
Part I. The Congo
Chapter One:
The Seducer. The spread of Congolese music in Africa
1.1 The Four Generations 30
1.2 Establishing the Congolese Musical Empire – The
Missionaries and the Converts 81
Chapter Two: The Land of the Seducer
2.1 The Historical Background 124
2.2 ‘I Learnt to Sing in Church’ 127
2.3 1960 – 1967. The Post-Independence Birth of a National Music:
The Rise of the Capital and the Decline of the Regions in the
Wars of Secession 130
2.4. Patronage, Zairianisation and Authenticity 136
Chapter Three: The Seduced
3.1 Urban Music for an Urban People:
African Urbanisation in the Twentieth Century 153
3.2 Belgian, French and British Colonial Cultural Policy 157
Chapter Four: The Business
4.1 Agents, Managers and Promoters 165
4.2 Le Grand Tam Tam D’Afrique: Radio and Television 177
4.3 Greeks, Jews, Multinationals and Les Grand Patrons:
Recording, Pressing and Distributing Rumba Congolaise 194
Chapter Five: There is Something in the Music
5.1 ‘Lingala is a Beautiful Language to Sing’. The Origins, Spread
and Influence of Lingala in the Popularity of the Music 225
5.2 Rumba, Soukous, Kwassa Kwassa and Ndombolo.
Il faut dancée 234
5.3 Fashion. In search of elegance: Clothes and the cult of Kitende.
From Muziki to the dance of the Sapeurs – Griffe Dindon 240
5.4 The Latin Tinge – Modern and Authentic? 247
Part II. The Diaspora and East Africa
Chapter Six: The Congolese Diaspora 260
Chapter Seven: East Africa
7.1 Tanzania and Kenya 282
7.2 Kenya 293
7.3 Tanzania 304
Part III. The Black Atlantic
Chapter Eight: The Return of the Diaspora 319
Part IV. South Africa
Chapter Nine: South Africa
9.1 South Africa 327
9.2 The Historical Context 329
9.3 The History of American Musical Influence in South Africa 336
9.4 The Media. The Recording Industry 351
9.5 From Radio Apartheid to ‘Local is Lekker’ 357
9.6 Television. ‘It shall Sound’ – Ezodumo and
the Anglophone Zone 373
9.7 Diversity, Fragmentation and the Exodus.
Class, Race and Ethnicity 382
9.8 Region, Age and Ethnicity 387
9.9 The Interaction of Class and Age 391
9.10 Glimmers of Hope 397
9.11 Xenophobia 401
9.12 The Amakwerakwera. Congolese Experiences
and Understanding of Xenophobia 415
9.13 Gender and Xenophobia 419
9.14 The Clubs and the Ghettos. Chez Ntemba and Frankys 422
9.15 South Africa: Conclusion 444
Conclusion
Moments of Freedom 447
Appendices
Appendix 1: Recorded Interviews 492
Appendix 2.Additional Interview Material 496
Appendix 3: Population Statistics 582
Appendix 4: Television and Radio Ownership 584
Appendix 5: Dance 590
Appendix 6: ‘Class’ amongst the musicians 609
Appendix 7: Tanzanian Bands 612
Appendix 8: Articles on Xenophobia in South Africa 616
Appendix 9: Ambiance, beer, bars and the ndumba 620
Appendix 10: Nkisi, Magic and Charisma. 622
Bibliography 625
Interntography 652
Discography 663
CD Notes 666