eyre2001
Eyre, Banning: |
CONTENTS
Preface 5
Abstract 7
About the Author 9
Map 10
Introduction 11
1. A Brief History of Zimbabwe 14
2. General Background on Zimbabwe 18
2.1 Religion in Zimbabwe 18
2.2 Ethnicity and Politics in Zimbabwe 20
2.3 Political Structure 21
2.4 Freedom of Expression 22
2.4.1 Censorship and Entertainments Control Act 22
2.4.2 Freedom of the Press 23
2.4.3 The MDC Open Hand 25
2.5 Legal System 27
2.6 Human Rights Record 27
2.6.1 Southern Rhodesia 27
2.6.2 Matabeleland after Independence 28
2.6.3 The Movement for Democratic Change 28
2.6.4 Press Harassment 30
2.6.5 Gays and Lesbians of Zimbabwe 31
2.6.6 Witchcraft 32
3. Music in Zimbabwe 33
3.1 African Music Culture in Southern Rhodesia 34
3.2 Music and the Post Independence State 36
3.3 Zimbabwe’s Music Industry 37
3.3.1 Recording Industry 37
3.3.2 Radio and the Foreign/Local Music Controversy 39
3.3.3 Barriers to Importing Materials of the Music
Profession 39
3.4 Women in Zimbabwean Music 40
4. Censorship and Intimidation in Zimbabwe 42
4.1 Censorship of “Immoral” Art 43
4.2 Censorship of Political Art 45
4.3 Interrogation of Musical Artists 49
4.4 Are Musicians and Writers Afraid? 53
5. Case Studies 64
5.1 Thomas Mapfumo: “Mamvemve” and “Disaster” 64
5.1.1 Mapfumo’s Biography 64
5.1.2 Mapfurno vs the ZANU-PF Regime 67
5.2 Oliver Mtukudzi: Bvuma/Tolerance and “Wasakara” 75
5.2.1 Oliver Mtukudzi Biography 75
5.2.2 Tuku`k Sly Rebuke 76
5.3 Capital Radio 82
6. Conclusions and recommendations 87
Appendix
Music Styles of Zimbabwe 90
a. Tonga Music 90
b. Ndebele Music 90
C. Shona Music 92
d. Pop Singers of the Revolution 94
e. Sungura 95
f. Gospel 96
g. Modern Trends 97
Written Sources 99