Bender, Wolfgang: Songs by Ebenezer Calender in Krio and English from Freetown – Sierra Leone. Song Texts of African Popular Music No. 2. Bayreuth: IWALEWA, University of Bayreuth, 1984. 69 p. ISBN N/A

CONTENTS

Preface 5

Song Texts 7

yu kuk jolof res 8
You Cooked Jollof Rice 9

dobul deka bos 14
Double-Decker Bus 15

anti maraya 20
Aunty Maraya 21

u stol may chikin 26
Who Stole My Chicken 27

dont lay may lovin bebi 30
Don’t Lie My Loving Baby 31

bebi le yu pawda naw 34
Baby Lay On Your Powder Now 35

enimi bin em at sontin 38
Enemies Had Aimed At Something 39

du yu du lef mi yon 44
Do Your Thing Leave Mine 45

si mi no mo 48
See Me No More 49

na mared ring yu want 52
It Is A Wedding Ring You Want 53

yuba no get pepa 56
Vulture Has No Certificate 57

yu it mi moni yu se yu no want mi 60
You Ate My Money You Say You Don’t Want Me 61

koni rabit en kondo 62
Cunning Rabbit and Lizard 63

Krio Pronunciation and Orthography 67
Discography 69

Calendar, Ebenezar: Krio Songs. Stories and Songs from Sierra Leone 1. Freetown: People’s Educational Association, 1985. 26 p. ISBN N/A

CONTENTS

 1. Faya! Faya! Faya! 4
 2. Aw Mi Yon Tan So? 6
 3. A Fala Wata 8
 4. Open Winda 10
 5. Ol Mi Kompin Den De Na Man Os 12
 6. Lef Mi Bo, A No De Pan Dat 14
 7. Ro Bonga We No No Insef 16
 8. Moni! Moni! Moni! Moni! 18
 9. Jelos Man, Tek Korej 20
10. Na Wan Tid Fo Du Akpani 22
11. Moni Kam, Plaba Don 24
12. Bobo, Na Yu Du Mi So? 26

Koroma, Salia: (Interviewed by Heribert Hinzen). My Life Story. Stories and Songs from Sierra Leone 5. Freetown: People’s Educational Association, 1985. 27 p. ISBN N/A

CONTENTS

Notice
No Table of Contents.
Headings drawn from text.

[Introduction] 2
[Heribert Hinzen presentation] 4
[My name is Salia Koroma] 6
[I was born in 1903] 8
[I joined the train and left for Freetown] 13
[I decided to leave my home land for Kenema] 16
[Songs and stories] 18
[I play at big occasions] 21
[Yes, I can remember much more than some litterates] 23

Nunley, John W.: Moving with the Face of the Devil. Art and Politics in Urban West Africa. Urbana & Chicago, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1987. 281 p. ISBN 0-252-01015-9

CONTENTS

List of Illustrations xi
Preface xv
Acknowledgements xxiii

1. The Great Experiment 3
Freetown in the Early Years 3
A Culture Transplanted 14
Traditional Medicine 21
The Egungun Society 24
Ogun and the Hunting Societies 27
The Emergence of a New Society 31
A New Identity 36

2. Freetown 38
Before World War II 44
The War Years 50
Since World War II 53

3. Ode-lay Organization 61
Offices 62
Medicine 68

4. The Ode-lay Societies 75
Firestone 77
Paddle 81
Bloody Mary 86
Civilian Rule 89
Rainbow 96

5. Ode-lay Aesthetics 103
The Fancy Aesthetic 103
The Fierce Aesthetic 120
The Fancy/Fierce Opposition 131
The Masquerades 132

6. The Ode-lay Artist 139
The Artistic Personality 139
The Artists 141
    Mustapha Kargbo 141
    Ajani 145
    John Goba 149
    Edmund Coker and Abdul Karim Silla 153
Prospective for Ode-lay Art 158

7. Music of the Freetown Societies 160
Lantern Music 161
Mailo jazz 164
Songs, Traditional and Modern 167
Reggae 173

8. A Theory of Art and Performance 176
Two Successful Performances 177
An Unsuccessful Performance 182
A Theory of Performance 184

9. Conflict as a Factor of Society Life 193
Intragroup Conflict 193
Intergroup Conflict 197

10. The Politicization of Urban Secret Societies 203
The Traditional Societies and Politics 203
The Ode-lay Societies and Politics 207

11. Unity and Control 216
The Permit Issue 217
The Bid for Unity 217
Reactions to Permit Suppression 220
Control of Devil Processions 223

12. Tea Kettles and the Cooling Effects of Art 228

Appendix 1
Freetown Masking Societies in 1978 by Ward 235
Appendix 2
Permission for Masked Devil Procession 239
Appendix 3
Police Public Notice-Masked Devils 241
Appendix 4
Minutes of Meeting between Paddle, Firestone, and Bloody Mary Societies 242

Notes 245
Glossary 256
Bibliography 261
Index 269

Oven, Cootje van: An Introduction to the Music of Sierra Leone. Freetown: Published by the Author, 1981. 85 p. & audio cassette ISBN 0-237-50913-X / Audio cassette re-released by Evans (London), ca. 1983

CONTENTS

Acknowledgements [i]

Note on the Cassette 1
Introduction 3

Chapter 1 Types of Songs and Instrumental Pieces 5
Chapter 2 Musical Instruments 7
Chapter 3 Singing Style, Phrasing and Form 29
Chapter 4 Rhythms 51
Chapter 5 Scales on which the Music is Built 59
Chapter 6 Part-Singing  77
Chapter 7 How to Do your own Research 83

List of Songs and Pieces 84

Oven, Cootje van: Supplement to An Introduction to the Music of Sierra Leone. Culemborg: Published by the Author, 1982. 47 p. & audio cassette ISBN 0-237-50913-X / Audio cassette re-released by Evans (London), ca. 1983

CONTENTS

Acknowledgements [i]

Note on Supplementary Cassette 1

Chapter 1 Types of Songs and Instrumental Pieces 3
Chapter 2 Musical Instruments 5
Chapter 3 Singing Style, Phrasing and Form 11
Chapter 4 Rhythms 29
Chapter 5 Scales on which the Music is Built 37
Chapter 6 Part-Singing 43

List of Songs and Pieces 46

Sievers, Bernhard: Musik in Sierra Leone. Tradition, Wandel und Identitätsverlust einer Musikkultur in West-Afrika. Münster & Hamburg: Litt Verlag, 1992. 245 p. ISBN 3-89473-130-3

INHALT

Einleitung  1

1 Landeskunde, Geschichte und Gegenwart  9
Geographische Aspekte – Ökonomie – Währung – Löhne –
Gehälter – Wirtschaftspolitik – Lebenshaltungskosten –
Bildung – Bevölkerung – Religion – Lebenserwartung –
Kulturpolitik

2 Musikformen  31

2.1 Übersicht der Formen und Gattungen  31
Tribal songs / Tribal music – Praise Songs / Lob- u.
Preislieder – Festive Songs / Lieder zu Feiern u.
Vergnügungen – Songs concerning Chiefs / WilIkommens-
u. Preislieder – Instrumentalmusik – Andere Gattungen

2.2 Erzählformen und “orale Literatur” 37
(Mythen, Märchen, Stammesgenealogie)
s. Anhang: Salia Koroma, Le Le Gbomba

3 Kulturvokabular der Musikinstrumente  40
Vokabular Tabellen – Chordophone – Aerophone –
Membranophone – Idiophone – Zusammenfassende
Darstellung – Abbildungen – Hintergründe (‘uses and function’)

4 Vokalmusik  67

4.1 Mehrstimmige Gesangsform in einer Pfingstgemeinde (Musik in der Pentecostal-Church)  67
Allgemeines – Liedformen – Tonmaterial – Gegennotenprinzip –
Beobachtungen – Perkussionsinstrumenten und Rhythmik –
Folgerungen – Notenbeispiele – Transkriptionen –
Musikbeispiele

4.2 Einstimmige Gesangsform (Gesang eines Muezzin)  82
Allgemeines – Tonsprache und Melodik – Tonmaterial –
Textdeutung – Notenbeispiele – Musikbeispiele

4.3 Einstimmige Gesangsform (Gesang eines Fischers)  91
Allgemeines – Song Wajeh – Textdeutung – Hintergründe –
Tonmaterial – subjektive Aspekte – Notenbeispiele

5 Instrumentalmusik  97

5.1 Gitarrennusik (Modemes Klagelied)  97
Allgemeines – Song Nanah – Bauart – Materialprobleme – Harmonische Formen – Spieltechnik – Notenbeispiele – Musikbeispiele

5.2 Das Balangi Xylophon  105
Allgemeine Typen und Formen – Verbreitung – Bauart –
Spieltechniken – konträrer Spielbereich – melodischer
Spielbereich – Klangtasten – Stimmung – Tonumfang –
Song health is wealth – Song of two voices to one husband –
Kontrast und Kemreihe in der Rhythmik – Wahrnehmungs-
effekte – Transkriptionen – Musikbeispiele

5.3 Phase 1: Kundi (Ein Lamellophon)  123
Allgemeines – Bauart – Spieltechnik – Stimmung – soziale
Reputation – Transkriptionen – praise song Ba waga te po jâ –
praise song Da Gba ga te po jâ – Musikbeispiele

5.3.1 Phase 2: Bau einer Kundi im Film  135
Materialien – Stimmung – musikalisch / linguistische Zusammenhänge – Spieltechnik – Vergleiche Phase 1 u. 2 – Folgerungen – Transkriptionen

6 Die National Dance Group von Sierra Leone und
die Milo Jazz-Band  144
Konstellationen – Musikinstrumente

6.1 Phase 1: Die Schliztrommel Kalang und Kaleh – Musikstrukturen  144
Stimmung – musikalisch / linguistische Zusammenhänge
zwischen der Tonsprache Mende und der Kalang und Kaleh
Trommel – Folgerungen – Beobachtungen – Der Instrumenten-
bauer Santene Barie – Transkriptionen – Musikbeispiele

6.2 Phase 2: Die National Dance Group von Sierra Leone
im Film  165
Ensemblespiel – Instrumente – ethnische Konstellationen –
rhytmische Strukturen – Transkriptionen

7 Zusammenfassung
(Tradition, Wandel, Identitätsverlust)  190

Anhang  201
Bibliographie und Nachweise  224

Stasik, Michael: DISCOnnections: Popular Music Audiences in Freetown Sierra Leone. Bamenda: Langaa Research and Publishing Common Initiative Group / Leiden: African Studies Centre, 2012. 256 p. ISBN 9956-728-51-9

CONTENTS

List of photos xii
List of maps xii
Abbreviations xiii
Acknowledgements xiv

1 Introduction 1
Readjusting perspectives 3
Chapter synopsis 4

Part I
The music/society nexus – some introductory reflections and observations

2 Introducing the City and Its Sounds 9
Freetown sounds 9
Musical minds 17

3 Music and Society – A Preliminary Theoretical Outline 20
A brief phenomenology of music 20
Musicking 22
Music/dance 25

4 Revisiting Methods of Socio-Sonic Inquiry 32
(Re-)inquiring Africa’s socio-sonic fields 32
 Networks and methods of inquiry in Freetown’s socio-sonic fields 37

Part II
From Class to Mass – Freetown’s Music and Society in Historical Perspective

5 Introduction 45

6 Early Developments – The 19th Century 49
First sounds and settlers 49
Cultural amalgamations and socio-musical stratifications 53

7 Socio-Musical Approximations – 1900s to 1930s 58
Harmonizing sounds 58
Urban reactions 59
 
8 The Heydays of Local Popular Music – 1940s to 1970s 64
Stars, recordings, and technological “democratizations” (1940s and 1950s) 64
The generation of 1961 and the non-politics of pop music (1960s) 67
Principles of antinomy: The politics of decline and the golden years of popular music (1970s) 72

9 Popular Music in the Time of Decay – the 1980S and 1990s 77
Economic breakdown, technological advancements, and world music (1980s) 77
War (and) revival (1990s) 80
Erratic politics and a defiant music industry 84
The AFRC coup’s contradictive effects 86
Too stubborn to surrender 88

10 Post-War Boom and Post-Election Decline 95
A new beginning 95
Spirit of renewal 96
Radio, recordings, and re-recordings 97
Musicalizing protest, politicizing music 100
The late “naughties” 103

11 Conclusion – Beyond the Ephemerality of Style 108

Part III
Disconnections – Social Dynamics in the Spaces of Music

12 Introduction 115

13 (Night)Life at the Edge of Chaos  120
Dance floor complexities 120
Wayward audiences 122

14 The Seasonality of Music 126
Rains, heats and breezes 126
Seasons of dearth, seasons of plenty 128
Feasts and fastings 129
Season of migration to the clubs 132

15 Building, Binding and Dividing 136
Music’s building material 136
A short typology of music events 138
The private, the social, and the public 140
Music’s binding material 144

16 A Topography of Freetown’s Social Imaginary 150
Geographies of dreams 150
Moving to the west 151
A music venue census 154
At the crossroads 159
A car park’s indices 164
Subverting boundaries 166

17 The Politics of Price, Prestige and Consumption 171
Playgrounds for exposure 171
The affluent poor 173
You pay, you pass 177
Bottled prestige 180
Refilling the bottles 185

18 The King and his Followers 188
Extravaganza 188
The show 192
Ritual in the making 196
What a difference a day makes 198

19 Conclusion – Dis/Connections 203

Part IV
Topia of Utopias

20 Dreams vs Reality 211
From the school of hard knocks 211
Falling in love 213
Topia of utopias 220
A thick layer of dreams 225

References 229

Tucker, Boima: Musical Violence Gangsta Rap and Politics in Sierra Leone. Current African Issues, No. 52. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2013 62 p. ISBN 978-91-7106-734-0

CONTENTS

Foreword 4
Introduction 5
Rap Beef, Youth Violence and Social Order 16
Youth Democratic Participation 27
Global Belonging, Hopes and Dreams 36
Global Music, Local Politics 44
Conclusion 55
Bibliography 57

Mortaigne, Veronique: Cesaria Evora. La voix du Cap-Vert. Arles: Actes Sud, 1997. 203 p. ISBN 2-7427-1152-X

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Mortaigne, Veronique: Cesaria Evora. La voix du Cap-Vert. Arles: Actes Sud, 1997. 203 p. ISBN 2-7427-1152-X

CONTENTS

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Johnson, John William: ‘Heelloy’. Modern Poetry and Songs of the Somalis. London: HAAN Publishing, 1998. xxiii & 241 p. ISBN 978-1-874-20981-2

CONTENTS

Foreword to the first edition by B. W. Andrzejewski ix
Foreword to the 1996 edition by Abdilahi Qarshi xi
Preface to the first edition xv
Preface to the 1996 edition xxiii

1. Introduction
The social context 1
The Nature of Traditional Pastoralist Poetry 12
The Historical Development of Modern Oral Poetry 17

2. The Family of Miniature Genres
The Nature of the Family of Miniature Genres 27
The Poetry of the Miniature Family 32

3. The emergence of the Belwo
The Historical Background 49
The Belwo is Born 53
The Poetry of the Belwo 59

4. The Heello: Period One
The Metamorphosis: Belwo to Heello A 75
The Modem Poem: Heello A to Heello B 82

5. The Heello: Period Two
The Historical Background 95
The Poetry of the Second Period 103

6. The Heello: Period Three
The Historical Background 117
The Poetry of the Third Period 146

7. Characteristics of the Heello: All Periods
Themes Common to All Periods 175
Structural Characteristics and
Development Common to All Periods 190
The Impact of Media on Modern Poetry 208

8. Conclusion
The Inheritance of the Heello 215
Forces Behind the Success and Development of Modern Poetry 216

Collins, [Edmund] John: Fela. Kalakuta Notes. 2nd edition Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 2015.  xii & 326 p. ISBN 978-0-8195-7539-5 (paper) 978-0-8195-7540-1 (ebook)

CONTENTS

Foreword by Banning Eyre ix
Introduction 1

Part 1 Early Days
1 The Birth of Afrobeat 27
2 Joe Mensah Remembers 41
3 Fela in Ghana 49
4 Stan Plange Remembers 29

Part 2 Confrontation
5 Kalakuta is Born 67
6 “JB” Talks about Fela 73
7 The Kalakuta Republic 81
8 The Black President 114
9 Amsterdam and After 125

Part 3 Retrospect
10 Mac Tontoh on Fela 139
11 Frank Talk about Fela 152
12 Obiba Plays It Again 165
13 Smart Binete Sorts It Out 174
14 Anku Checks Out the Beat 178
15 Nana Danso Orchestrates 183
16 Some Early Afro-Fusion Pioneers 197
17 Interview with Fela 204
18 Afterthoughts and Updates 209
19. Felabrations at Home and Abroad 238

Chronology 259
Notes 269
Selected Bibliography 281
Discography 285
Appendix A: “Shuffering and Shmiling” Score 303
Index 309

Erlmann, Veit (ed.): Populäre Musik in Afrika. Veröffentlichungen des Museum für Völkerkunde. Neue Folge 53. Abteilung Musikethnologie VIII. Berlin: Museum für Völkerkunde, 1991. 312 pp. & 2 CDs. ISBN 3-88609-213-5

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TABLE DES MATIÈRES

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Sweeney, Philip: Directory of World Music. A Guide to Performers and their Music. With Contributions from Peter Gabriel, Andy Kershaw, Giberto Gil [&] Manu Dibango. London: Virgin Books, 1991. 262 p. Section Africa 1-81 ISBN 0-86369-378-4

CONTENTS

AFRICA

The North and West
Introduction: Peter Gabriel 1
Libya 3
Tunisia 5
Algeria 6
Morocco 13
Mauritania 16
Senegal 17
Mali 20
Guinea 26
Guinea-Bissau 29
Cape Verde 29
Sierra Leone 31
Côte d’Ivoire 32
Ghana 34
Togo and Benin 36
Nigeria 37

Central Africa, The South and East
Introduction: Manu Dibango 42
Cameroon 44
Zaire 49
Congo 56
Gabon 56
Angola 57
Zambia 58
Mozambique 59
Zimbabwe 60
South Africa 65
Madagascar 70
Mauritius and Reunion 71
Tanzania and Zanzibar 72
Kenya 74
Uganda 76
Burundi 76
Ethiopia 77
Sudan 79

Lee, Hélène: Rockers d’Afrique. Stars et légendes du rock mandinque. Paris: Albin Michel, 1988. 223 pp. ISBN 2-226-03 139-1

TABLE DE MATIÈRES

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