CONTENTS

Acknowledgments vii
List of Abbreviations xi

Introduction 1
1. Agents of the Revolution 19
2. City of Musicians 51
3. Sweetness and Truth 79
4. Warriors for Peace 108
5. The Risks of Displeasure 130
6. Blue Zones 158

Notes 165
Bibliography 181
Index 191

CONTENTS

Abstract – Hebrew 1
Abstract – English 2

Chapter 1
Introduction – Music Writes Back 4
Musicology and new Musicology 5
Gilroy, Music and the African Diaspora 8

Chapter 2
Guinea – Nationalism and Pan‐Africanism 16
Cultural Nationalism 16
Pan Africanism within the Guinean Nation 24

Chapter 3
Makeba in Guinea 33

Chapter 4
Music Analysis and Integration 42
Performing Guinean Nationalism 44
The 1969 Algiers Festival and Africa 48
Touré Barika – Subversive Americanization #1 51
Lovely Lies – Subversive Americanization #2 60
From Musical Meanings to Historical Context 70

Bibliography 75
Discography 79
Filmography 79

TABLE DES MATIÈRES

NB. Le livre n’a pas de table des matières

Préface
Tierno Monénembo
Le cri d’aujourd’hui, le visage de demain 7

Je n’ai pas le monopole de la vérité,
mais j’ai le monopole de ma vérité 11

Enseignement de la vie 119

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Dédicace 5

I. L’origine des artistes (djeli-griot) 9
Situation géographique 16

II. Naissance et enfance 17

III. Apparition au public villageois 21
Temoignage de feu el Hadj Abdoulaye Barry dit « Mody Foulah » 23

IV. Sous les couleurs nationales de la Guinée indépendante 31

V. Le poète 33

VI. L’œuvre de Sory Kandia 43

VII. Concilier le traditionnel et le moderne 47
1. Recueil et traduction du duga et du keme bourema 49
   Parasites qui décomposent le corps dans la tombe (v. 73 à 103) 56
   Le keme bourama (texte original et traduction) 58
2. Situation historique 68
   a) Le duga 68
   b) Le keme bourama 70
3. Structure des chants 72
4. Analyse du discours griotique 75
   Commentaire 76
   a) La transfiguration épique 77
   b) De l’horreur à la beauté épique 79
   c) Le culte de l’action 80
   d) La vision épique 80
Kouyate Sori Kandia et Emile Tompapa – Deux amis fervents de la musique guinéenne traditionnelle 81

VIII. Evocations de feu Emile Tompapa musicologue et ancien président du Conseil National de la Communication 81
Citation 81
« Matin de Noël de 1977 » 82
Affirmation de la vocation 82
Professionnellement 83
1957, En Guinée 84
L’Africain 85
A Madina 86
Son action nationaliste 87
Kandia et la musique de son temps 88
Son apogée 88
Son violon d’Ingres 89
Héritage 89
Dans la vie 90
Son humeur 90
Sa mère 90
Sa peine 90

IX. Circonstances du deces 91
Communiqué du comité central sur
la disparition de l’artiste du peuple 92
L’émotion des peuples 95

X. Rôle de quelques instruments traditionnels utilises dans nos sociétés 99
1) Le balafon 99
2) La kora 99
3) Le bolon 99
4) Le touny 99
5)  Le violon 100
6) Le kondy 100
7) Le tondoundoun 100
8) Le tam-tam 100
9) La flûte 100
10) Le doundoumba 100
11) Le dielydoundoun 101
12) La calebasse 101
13) La castagnette 101
14) Le boté 101
15) Le tamany 101
16) Le baala 101
17) Le daro 101
18) Le karignan 101

XI. La vie de Sory Kandia en images 103

Bibliographie 123

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Préface 7

Introduction
Bembeya Jazz National, 50 ans apres ! 13

1. Mais d’où vient le nom Bembeya ? 15
2. Aboubacar Demba Carnara, le Dragon de la chanson africaine 25
3. Demba dans le Bembeya 41
4. Brefs portraits de ceux qui ont fait Bembeya 57
5. Les grands succès du Bembeya Jazz National 67
6. Bembeya 10 ans de succès ou le vrai-faux spectacle 
    du Palais du Peuple 75
7. La mort du Dragon de la chanson africaine 85
8. Relever le defi 105
9. La reconquête  111
10. Happy end avec le président Amadou Toumany Touré du
      Mali (En guise de conclusion) 115
11. Annexes 117

Différentes pochettes de disques du Bembeya Jazz National 127
Bibliographie 137
Photos 139
Remerciements 151

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CONTENTS

Foreword to the first edition by B. W. Andrzejewski ix
Foreword to the 1996 edition by Abdilahi Qarshi xi
Preface to the first edition xv
Preface to the 1996 edition xxiii

1. Introduction
The social context 1
The Nature of Traditional Pastoralist Poetry 12
The Historical Development of Modern Oral Poetry 17

2. The Family of Miniature Genres
The Nature of the Family of Miniature Genres 27
The Poetry of the Miniature Family 32

3. The emergence of the Belwo
The Historical Background 49
The Belwo is Born 53
The Poetry of the Belwo 59

4. The Heello: Period One
The Metamorphosis: Belwo to Heello A 75
The Modem Poem: Heello A to Heello B 82

5. The Heello: Period Two
The Historical Background 95
The Poetry of the Second Period 103

6. The Heello: Period Three
The Historical Background 117
The Poetry of the Third Period 146

7. Characteristics of the Heello: All Periods
Themes Common to All Periods 175
Structural Characteristics and
Development Common to All Periods 190
The Impact of Media on Modern Poetry 208

8. Conclusion
The Inheritance of the Heello 215
Forces Behind the Success and Development of Modern Poetry 216

CONTENTS

Foreword by Banning Eyre ix
Introduction 1

Part 1 Early Days
1 The Birth of Afrobeat 27
2 Joe Mensah Remembers 41
3 Fela in Ghana 49
4 Stan Plange Remembers 29

Part 2 Confrontation
5 Kalakuta is Born 67
6 “JB” Talks about Fela 73
7 The Kalakuta Republic 81
8 The Black President 114
9 Amsterdam and After 125

Part 3 Retrospect
10 Mac Tontoh on Fela 139
11 Frank Talk about Fela 152
12 Obiba Plays It Again 165
13 Smart Binete Sorts It Out 174
14 Anku Checks Out the Beat 178
15 Nana Danso Orchestrates 183
16 Some Early Afro-Fusion Pioneers 197
17 Interview with Fela 204
18 Afterthoughts and Updates 209
19. Felabrations at Home and Abroad 238

Chronology 259
Notes 269
Selected Bibliography 281
Discography 285
Appendix A: “Shuffering and Shmiling” Score 303
Index 309

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CONTENTS

AFRICA

The North and West
Introduction: Peter Gabriel 1
Libya 3
Tunisia 5
Algeria 6
Morocco 13
Mauritania 16
Senegal 17
Mali 20
Guinea 26
Guinea-Bissau 29
Cape Verde 29
Sierra Leone 31
Côte d’Ivoire 32
Ghana 34
Togo and Benin 36
Nigeria 37

Central Africa, The South and East
Introduction: Manu Dibango 42
Cameroon 44
Zaire 49
Congo 56
Gabon 56
Angola 57
Zambia 58
Mozambique 59
Zimbabwe 60
South Africa 65
Madagascar 70
Mauritius and Reunion 71
Tanzania and Zanzibar 72
Kenya 74
Uganda 76
Burundi 76
Ethiopia 77
Sudan 79

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